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The right panel shows the face of the Sun as it looked on a good day during
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Eco-terrorism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eco-terrorism, also called ecoterrorism or green terrorism, is terrorism
committed in support of ecological, environmental, or animal rights causes.
The word is a neologism and its application is contested.

Eco-terrorism is defined by the FBI as "the use or threatened use of
violence of a criminal nature against innocent victims or property by an
environmentally-oriented, subnational group for environmental-political
reasons, or aimed at an audience beyond the target, often of a symbolic
nature." [1] This characterization of property destruction as "violence
against property" rather than as vandalism is highly contentious. Within
this article, however, acts labeled eco-terrorism by law enforcement are
considered, whether or not they involve violence against persons or living
things.

The FBI has credited to eco-terrorism 200 million dollars in property damage
from 2003 and 2008, and a majority of states within the USA have introduced
laws aimed at eco-terrorism.[2]

Contents

1 Application of the term
2 Groups accused of ecoterrorism
3 Ecoterrorism in fiction
4 See also
4.1 Ideologies
4.2 Individuals
5 References

Application of the term

The acts described by law enforcement organizations as eco-terrorism vary
widely. Many involve sabotage of equipment and unmanned facilities using
arson. Tree spiking, the embedding of metal spikes in trees, is sometimes
described as eco-terrorism. In the case of Peter Daniel Young, the release
of minks was called "animal enterprise terrorism."

Acts of civil disobedience may be described as eco-terrorism. In 2003, a
conservative Texas legislative reform group, the American Legislative
Exchange Council (ALEC), proposed the "Animal and Ecological Terrorism Act"
which defined an "animal rights or ecological terrorist organization" as
"two or more persons organized for the purpose of supporting any politically
motivated activity intended to obstruct or deter any person from
participating in an activity involving animals or an activity involving
natural resources."[3] The legislation has not been enacted.

Eco-terrorism has also been used to describe ecological destruction.
Canadian environmentalist Paul Watson, the founder of the Sea Shepherd
Conservation Society, has presented his own definition: "an act that
terrorizes other species and threatens the ecological systems of the
planet".[4] Watson accused Japanese Whalers of eco-terrorism, saying "They
are the real eco-terrorists. They terrorise the environment."[5][6] David
Suzuki described the former Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard, as an
"eco-terrorist" for failing to abide by the Kyoto Protocol on climate
change.[7] Environmentalists have accused corporations ranging from
ExxonMobil [8] and General Electric to McDonalds[9][10] of eco-terrorism.

Groups accused of ecoterrorism

An ALF raid removing 82 beagles and 26 rabbits from Interfauna in Cambridge
on St Patrick's Night 1990.[11]Organizations that have been labeled as
"eco-terrorists" in the United States include the Animal Liberation Front
(ALF),[12] and the Earth Liberation Front (ELF),[12]. The FBI in 2001 named
the ELF as "one of the most active extremist elements in the United States",
and a "terrorist threat,"[12] although they publicly disavow harm to humans
or animals.[13][14].

Ecoterrorism in fiction

Anetta by Capcom
Antarctica by Kim Stanley Robinson
Ark Angel, by Anthony Horowitz
Batman & Robin
Blue Mars by Kim Stanley Robinson
Daisuke Hayami, aka Speedy Dave by Capcom
Darkwing Duck's Bushroot (Walt Disney)
Captain Planet, by Ted Turner
CHERUB, a series of novels by Robert Muchamore, contains a fictional
eco-terrorist group named Help Earth
Concrete: Think Like a Mountain by Paul Chadwick
Darkness Falls and Fearful Symmetry, 2 episodes of The X-Files
The Divide by Nicholas Evans
Devouring Earth, in City of Heroes
Douche and Turd , Fun with Veal and Free Willzyx , 3 episodes of South Park
Enrica Villablanca in Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Double Agent
A Friend of the Earth by T. Coraghessan Boyle
Final Fantasy VII - The organisation AVALANCHE launch attacks on the Shinra
Company mako reactors to save the planet.
Five Days in Babylon by P.L. Reiter Antagonist is a chic latina agent of the
Earth Liberation Front
Space Warriors in Cowboy Bebop
Hoot by Carl Hiaasen
Jokerman 8, by Richard Melo
Lullaby by Chuck Palahniuk
Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way by Bruce Campbell
Mengele Zoo by Gert Nygårdshaug
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty by Hideo Kojima
The Monkey Wrench Gang by Edward Abbey
On Deadly Ground, a 1998 Film by and starring Steven Seagal
Poison Ivy and Ra's al Ghul, foes of The Batman, from the DC Comics
universe.
Rainbow Six by Tom Clancy
The Sheep Look Up, by John Brunner.
Sick Puppy, by Carl Hiaasen.
State of Fear by Michael Crichton
Twelve Monkeys, a 1995 film starring Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt
Zodiac by Neal Stephenson
Informed (episode) Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Season 8
The events of 28 Days Later are inadvertently set in motion by a group of
eco-terrorists.
The Space Merchants by Frederik Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth
Colonel Green a villain from the past in Star Trek was described as an
ecoterrorist in the Enterprise episode Demons.
The Green Storm and the Anti-Traction League from Phillip Reeve's Mortal
Engines Quartet

See also

List of environment topics
List of environmental organisations
Earth Liberation Front Press Office (ELFPO)
North American Animal Liberation Press Office (NAALPO)
Earth Liberation Prisoner Support Network (ELPSN)
Animal Liberation Front Supporters Group (ALFSG)
Green Scare
THERMCON – FBI operation against the "Evan Mecham Eco-Terrorist
International Conspiracy" (EMETIC)
Operation Backfire – FBI operation
Craig Rosebraugh – ELF spokesman.
Paul Watson – founder of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society and cofounder
of Greenpeace.

Ideologies

Anarcho-primitivism
Green anarchism
Radical environmentalism

Individuals

Tre Arrow – set fire to trucks used in tree logging.
Rod Coronado – at a public gathering, explained how to create an arson
device.
Wiebo Ludwig – saboteur of petroleum mining.
Jeff Luers and William Cottrell – arsonists of SUVs.
Marie Mason - environmental activist sentenced to twenty-two years for arson
Eric McDavid – attempted to construct a bomb in a plan to sabotage the
Nimbus Dam, the U.S. Forest Service's Institute of Forest Genetics, and
other targets.[15]
Daniel McGowan – set fire to a lumber farm.[16]
William C. Rodgers – accused of setting fire to the National Wildlife
Research Center in Olympia, Washington.
Darren Thurston – set fire to a horse corral at the Bureau of Land
Management after releasing the horses.
Peter Daniel Young – released mink into the wild from fur farms.
Paul Watson - Attempted to sink the Norwegian fishing vessel Nybrænna

References

1. ^ Federal Bureau of Investigation - Congressional Testimony
2. ^ "Style Weekly" article.
3. ^ ALEC - Animal and Ecological Terrorism Act
4. ^ Dealing with the Hypocrisy of Human Perceptions - Commentary by Paul
Watson
5. ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/environmen...g.conservation
"The Guardian's" article on Japanese eco-terrorism
6. ^ CDNN :: Japanese Eco-Terrorists Take Marine Patrol Officers Hostage
7. ^ PM dubbed eco-terrorist
8. ^ Jonathan Paul talks about his sentence and views on eco-terrorism
9. ^ "Wade's War," Style Weekly, February 6, 2008
10. ^ Infoshop News - Jonathan Paul: "Will The Real Eco-Terrorists Please
Stand Up?"
11. ^ "The man, the activist", first published in Arkangel.
12. ^ a b c Congressional Testimony Testimony of James F. Jarboe, Domestic
Terrorism Section Chief, Counterterrorism Division, FBI before the House
Resources Committee, Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health at February
12, 2002 "The Threat of Eco-Terrorism"
13. ^ ALF Credo/Guide
14. ^ Earth Liberation Front News
15. ^ http://cbs13.com/local/eco.terrorist.Eric.2.483155.html
16. ^ http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/33544/

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-terrorism"
Categories: Eco-terrorism | Political neologisms | Green anarchism

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